At a high level, the measurement of stray light is very simple: normalize the digital numbers (DNs) of an image, while (optionally) masking out the image of the light source.

Metric Image Calculations

Transmission

The transmission stray light metric image calculation is to take the test image and divide it by a normalization factor.

\(\text{stray light} = \frac{\text{image [DN]}}{\text{normalization factor [DN]}} \)

With appropriate normalization factors, this is used to compute the Point Source Transmission (PST) [1] and Point Source Rejection Ratio (PSRR) [2] metrics.

For a “transmission” calculation, no stray light is indicated with a value of 0 and the worst possible stray light is indicated with a value of 1.

Attenuation

The attenuation stray light metric image calculation is to take a normalization factor and divide it by the test image.

\(\text{stray light} = \frac{\text{normalization factor [DN]}}{\text{image [DN]}}\) 

With appropriate normalization factors, this is used to compute the flare attenuation metric proposed within IEEE-P2020 [3].

For an “attenuation” calculation, no stray light is indicated with a value of infinity, and the worst possible stray light is indicated with a value of 1.

Note: 0 is a valid image value (corresponding to no measurable stray light from the test configuration). When using the reciprocal calculation, these 0’s get transformed to infinity, which in turn, will reduce the meaningfulness of some summary metrics (e.g., mean, max).

References

[1] E. Fest. 2013. “Stray Light Analysis and Control”. SPIE Press. ISBN: 9780819493255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/3.1000980.

[2] B. Bouce, et. al, 1974. “GUERAP II – USER’S GUIDE”. Perkin-Elmer Corporation. AD-784 874.

[3] IEEE-P2020 Automotive Image Quality Working Group. https://site.ieee.org/sagroups-2020/